Liquid-fuel burner



Feb. 16 1926. 1,572,883

L. A. COCKLIN LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed April 27 1925 Lem; Mama PatentedFeb. 16, W26.

u iTEo sures LEWIS A. GOCKLIN, OF GBISWOLD, IOWA.

manna-roar. summit.

Application "filed c l-n 27, 1925. Serial No. 28,035.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS A. COCKLIN, a citizen of the United States,residingat Griswold, in the county of Cass and State of Iowa, haveinvented certain new and'useful' Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oil burners and more particularly to thatclass of burners of lliquid fuel for use in furnaces and stoves, and hasfor its objects, broadly, to provide a burner consisting of few andsimple parts so that it may be manufactured economicall will beconvenient in use, will be duw rab e and will be effective in providinga required degree of heat for all purposes with a minimum quantity ofliquid fuel. One of the specific objects in view is to provide a burnerof the class described g0 which will effectively vaporize the'fuel and"burn the, hydrocarbon without forming the objectionable carbon depositson the burner or parts connected therewith. Another object is to providesuch a construction that a pilot light will be maintained in "theburner.

Also as a safety feature the invention in- ,cludes means for the removalfrom the burner of any excess oil which might be conducted thereto.

39. With the foregoing objects in view and others. to be mentionedhereinafter, the invention presents a novel and useful construction,combination and arrangement of parts as described herein and claimed,and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being understoodthat chan es in form, size, proportion of parts and mmor details may bemade as foundfto be of advantage, said changes being'deterinined by thescope of the invention as claimed.

lnthe drawing, Fig. 1 is a view of the burner in longitudinal section,the section through the dame-spreader cap being on line 1--1 of Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is a to plan view of the flame-spreader ca and ig. 3 is a bottomplan view of the cap.

Referring now to the drawin for a more particular description in widelike reference characters indicate like parts in the several views, llprovide an annular container 5, open at its top to operate as avaporizing chamber or trough, its upright,

I outer, cylindrical wall being indicated at 6 and its bottom beingindicated at 7 the innor annular. wall 18 of said container or troughbeing formed upwardly convergent to provide an air passageway or line 23At 9 isindicated a pi .e for conducting oil or other liquid fuel rom anysuitable source of supply to the annular chamber 5, 0 said pipepreferably traversing the bottom 7 and being provided with a'controlvalve 10, and at 11. is indicated a casting operating as an oildistributor, preferably having a wall 12 of concave-convex form and pro-$5 viding a conduit 13 in communication with the chamber and pipe 9.

The vaporizing chamber or the part thereof above the oil distributor isfilled with any suitable material 1 1 which will not become injured byaction of heat and will permit an upward movement of oil therethrough tothe top of said chamber;

Numeral 15 indicates a spreader-ca hav- 'i'ng a diameter greater thanthat of t e upper part of the convergent flue, said cap being providedwith wings 16 having extensions 17 which project outwardly beyond thecircular edge of the cap, While I have shown four of these wings, anysuitable number may be used, each being providedwith a shoulder 18 for aseating on the top of the due.

The lowermost part of. each wing 16 is at tenuated, and preferably thebody of each wing is formed upwardly and outwardly divergent, saidlowermost part having practically a knife-edge, indicated at 19, thethickness of each wing audits extension being gradually increasedupwardly and outwardly to the terminal of the extension 17, andpreferably each extension has a list bottom for engaging the to of theflue and to lie upon the top of the 2 ller 14, each extension 17 havinga terminal 20 which is inclined upwardly and outwardly to overhang apart of the tiller. I

In operation, oil or other liquid fuel, under pressure, may enter theconduit 13 subject to the control of the valve 10, and since thelowermost part of the concavoconvex casting 12 is somewhat rough anddoes not perfectly engage the bottom 7, the oil will enter the circularchamber 5 and will fill all parts thereof except the parts occu ied thefiller, and will move up war ly to t e top of said chamber, and whenignited the gas will burn freely.

The burning of hydrocarbon occurs at the top of the chamber 5 upon andabove and with a certain degree of force through the passageways 21 tobecome mixed with the hydrocarbon, no blower or similar device beingrequired to forcibly move the air as an aid to combustion.

By referring to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the'lower part of the cap15, between the wings, is of concaved form, its outer parts .having adownward inclination, indicated at 02, toward the top of the filler,this being of advantage for deflecting the movement of air and causingit to move toward the surface of the filler as an aid in effecting athorough mixing of the heated air with the hydrocarbon. I 7

As shown in the drawing, the wall 8 for the flue is of lesser heightthan the wall 6;

also a secondary trough or conduit 22 is provided'i'n the flue 23, saidconduit being of annular form and provided with a wastepipe 24, thisarrangement of parts operating as a safet feature, since throughinadvertence or 0t erwise an excess quantity of liquid fuel might enterand overflow the chamber 5, and any excess of liquid fuel, on account ofthe construction described, would move downwardly on the inner wall ofthe flue, by action of gravity, to the trough or conduit 22, and wouldmove through the pipe 24 to a suitable reservoir or container (notshown). .In the practice of the invention,

however, a correct adjustment of the valve 10 is depended upon toprevent an overflow orexcess'supply of oil to the chamber 5.

It will be appreciated that the liquid fuel should be delivereduniformly to. all parts of the chamber 5 and to the top of the filler14, and this is provided by the present construction. In preparing thematerial for the filler care is exercised so that it will be of uniformconsistenc and while the dis tributing conduit 13 is useful in someinstances I may dispense with its use depending upon the kind of liquidfuelvuscd; also in some instances I may use an annular casting 11 withits annular conduit for distributmg the li uid fuel, or, as is obvious,the burner woul be operative if the c'astin and its conduit 13 did notentirely surroundthe flue, and I do not wish to limit myself to the useof an annular distributor or conduit 13. v I

' Relative to the function discharged by the inclined facets orterminals 20 of the wing-extensions, it will be understood that whileair may move outwardly from the flue through the constricted passageways21 with considerable force, the air will move with less force at saidterminals 20 than at. the sides of the extensions 17, said wings andtheir extensions being formed outwardly divergent so that theseterminals 20 operate as air pockets and are not exposed to air drafts,also the extensions 17 engage the filler 14, the result being thatignition of-hydrocarbon will continue at said terminals to operate aspilot lights after the usual burning at the top of the filler ceases,this being a' feature of convenience in operation? .On account of thisconstruction the valve 10 maybe adjusted to provide a very limitedsupply of liquid fuel to the chamber 5 when heat is not needed, saidsupply being suflicient to maintain the pilot lights for an extendedperiod or as long as desired, and ignition of the burner thereafter willbe automatic when a normal supply of liquid fuel is required for heatingpurposes.- Also, in o eration, if the valve ;10 is entirely closed, t epilot lights will be maintained for a considerable time.

\Vhile, as a safety feature, I have shown the secondary trough 22 forreceiving any excess of liquid fuel from the top of the filler 14, andhave shown a difference in the height of the walls 6 and 8 to co-operatewith the trough 22 for this purpose, I do not wish to limit myself tothis specific construction, as other means could be substituted for theremoval of excess oil, but the means for this purpose is preferred forthe reason that it is effective and certain in operation, and by its usea desired inclinationfor the upper surface of the filler is provided,this inclination being a feature of advantage for directing the flameupwardly as well as outwardly from the axis of the burner.

I claim as my invention,

1. In a burner, an upright annular chamber open at its top and havingits inner wall provided with an annular conduit, said inner wall beinginclined inwardly and upwardly relative to "its opposite upright wall toprovide a flue for a movement of air therethrough, a porous filler insaid chamber, a spreader cap above said flue pro viding a constrictedpassageway between said cap and said chamber, a pipe for conductingliquid fuel to said chamber, the inner wall of said chamber having alesser height than the height of its outer wall to permit an excess ofliquid fuel to move from said chamber to said annular conduit.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing anannular-chamber open at its top and an. inner wall providing a flue, aporous filler in said chamber, a pi e for conducting liquid fuel to thechem er, a spreader cap having its bottom Ill) Lavasss inner wall.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle open at its top havinga cylindrical outer wall and an upwardly tapered inner wall providing anannular chamber and a fine, a porous filler in said chamber, a liquidsupply element communicating with the chamber, a spreader cap having itsbottom provided with radially arranged wings and disposed in said flue,each wing having an extension projecting beyond the edge of said cap inengagement with the filler and said inner wall, the side walls of eachwing being formed outwardly divergent to the end of its extension.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright annular chamber open at its top,its inner wall providing a flue and being provided with an annularconduit, a porous filler in said chamber, a spreader cap in said flueabove said conduit providing a constricted passageway between said capand said chamher, the inner wall of said chamber having a lesser heightthan the height of its outer wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel tomove from said chamber to said annular conduit.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing an annularchamber open at its top and an inner wall providing a fine, an annularcasting having a groove opening on its-bottom and removably disposed onthe bottom of the chamber, a porous filler in said chamber above thecasting, a pipe for conducting liquid fuel communieating with saidchamber, a spreader cap having its bottom provided with radiallyarranged wings and disposed in said flue, each wing having an extensionprojecting beyond the edge of said cap in engagement with said fillerand said inner wall.

6. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle open at its top havinga cylindri "a1 outer wall and an upwardly tapered inner wall providingan annular chamber and a flue, an oil distributor including an annularcasting having a groove opening on its bottom and removably disposed onthe bottom'of the chamber, a porous filler in said chamber above thecasting, a liquid supply element in communication with said groove andsaid chamber, a spreader cap having its bottom provided with radiallyarranged wings and disposed in said flue, each wing having an extensionprojecting beyond the edge of said cap in engagement with the filler andsaid inner wall, the side walls of each wing being formed outwardlydivergent to the end of its extension.

7. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providin an annularchamber open at its top and a flue, a porous filler in the chamber,means for conducting liq uid fuel to said chamber, a spreader cap insaid flue having radially disposed wings engaging the receptacle, eachwing being formed outwardlydivergent and having a terminal part disposedabove the filler outwardly of the ed e of said cap. I

8. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing a chamberopen at its top, a flue and a conduit in the fine, a porous filler insaid chamber, a supply pipe communicating with the chamber, a dischargepipe communicating with said conduit, a spreader cap in said flue abovesaid conduit providing a constricted passageway between said cap andsaid chamber, the inner wall of the chamber having a lesser height thanthe height of its outer wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel to movefrom said chamber to said conduit.

In. testimony whereof, I have affixed my signature.

LEWIS A. COCKLIN.

